Pubmed Data Mining Tools' title='Pubmed Data Mining Tools' />Functional uses flavor and fragrance agents. Has a aldehydic type odor and an aldehydic type flavor. Biopython Tutorial and Cookbook Jeff Chang, Brad Chapman, Iddo Friedberg, Thomas Hamelryck, Michiel de Hoon, Peter Cock, Tiago Antao, Eric Talevich, Bartek Wilczy. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs and risk of heart failure in four European countries nested case control study. Principal findings. Our study, based on real world data on almost 1. NSAIDs users from four European countries, provides evidence that current use of both COX 2 inhibitors and traditional individual NSAIDs are associated with increased risk of heart failure. Furthermore, the magnitude of the association varies between individual NSAIDs and according to the prescribed dose. NSAIDs inhibit the isoenzymes of prostaglandin GH synthase, COX 1 and COX 2. The overall effects of this inhibition of the prostaglandin synthesis are to increase peripheral systemic resistance and reduce renal perfusion, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium excretion in susceptible individuals. JPB1.47-g006.gif' alt='Pubmed Data Mining Tools' title='Pubmed Data Mining Tools' />Taken together, these mechanisms could trigger clinical manifestations of heart failure, especially in susceptible patients. Additionally, because the level of prostaglandin inhibition mediated by NSAIDs increases with dose,1. NSAIDs dose. Our study found an increased risk of hospital admission for heart failure in association with current use of several traditional NSAIDs diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac, naproxen, nimesulide, piroxicam, and possibly nabumetone and two COX 2 inhibitors etoricoxib and rofecoxib. We confirmed these findings after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Additionally, we found evidence that the increased risk of heart failure also affected patients without prior outpatient diagnosis or secondary hospital diagnosis heart failurethat is, those ideally less susceptible to heart failure decompensations. We also observed an increasing dose dependent risk of heart failure for most individual NSAIDs. Finally, indomethacin and etoricoxib seemed to increase the risk of hospital admission for heart failure even if used at medium doses. No significant differences in the magnitude of the association between use of individual NSAIDs and heart failure risk were found between patients with or without prior heart failure for all NSAIDs and between the sexes with a few exceptions of NSAIDs. About altmetrics a manifesto altmetrics11 Tracking scholarly impact on the social Web. Putting Scientometrics 2. Place v0 Using the CoCitation Network. However, power of our analysis could have been too low to detect significant differences between the considered subgroups. Our study did not find that celecoxib, the most widely prescribed selective COX 2 inhibitor, increases the risk of hospital admission for heart failure. Pubmed Data Mining Tools' title='Pubmed Data Mining Tools' />PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National. IProLINK Help What is iProLINK As PIR focuses its effort on the curation of the UniProtKB protein sequence database, the goal of iProLINK is to provide curated data. Objectives To investigate the cardiovascular safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSAIDs and estimate the risk of hospital admission for heart failure. The Census Bureau provides poverty data from several household surveys and programs. Here you can find poverty estimates, learn about these surveys and programs, and. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. PubMed Central PMC is a free fulltext archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U. S. National Institutes of Healths National Library of. Research Resources. A Subject Tracer Information Blog developed and created by Internet expert, author, keynote speaker and consultant Marcus P. Zillman. Lack of statistical power is unlikely explain such lack of evidence, because our main analysis had 8. Celecoxib also did not show an increased heart failure risk when used at the highest doses, although power of our analysis was low for this dose class about 3. Furthermore, our study found little evidence that celecoxib is associated with a greater risk of heart failure than any of the other 2. NSAIDs. Comparison with other studies. Our findings extend those of the meta analysis of randomised trials,1. NSAID regimens compared with placebo. Similarly, a meta analysis of six trials did not show differences in heart failure risk between traditional NSAIDs and COX 2 inhibitors. Estimates provided by the few published observational studies on the NSAID heart failure association are compatible with an increased risk of heart failure associated with naproxen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, piroxicam, indomethacin, and rofecoxib, but not for celecoxib. Our results also accord with the body of evidence supporting the relative cardiovascular safety of low to medium doses of celecoxib for treatment of arthritis compared with all other COX 2 inhibitors. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that selective and non selective COX 2 inhibitors increase the risk of heart failure, but that the magnitude of this effect varies between individual drugs and according to the dose used. The effect of individual NSAIDs could depend on a complex interaction of pharmacological properties, including duration and extent of platelet inhibition, extent of blood pressure increase, and properties possibly unique to the molecule. Strengths and limitations of study. Ace Stream 2.2.10. Our findings, which focused only on prescription NSAIDs, might apply to NSAIDs obtained over the counter as well. Although over the counter NSAIDs are probably typically used at lower doses, by younger people, and for shorter durations than prescribed NSAIDs, they are sometimes available at the same doses than those prescribed. Therefore, our findings could have large scale consequences in public health and further research needs to assess the safety of over the counter NSAIDs under the conditions they are typically used. The present study, conducted as part of the EU funded SOS Project, is based on data from large and unselected populations and obtained by combining different healthcare databases together. The same approach was considered in several other EU funded projects addressing various issues on drug safety, such as the arrhythmogenic risk of drugs ARITMO project, safety of vaccines VAESCO project, and detection of adverse drug reactions EU ADR project. The use of five different data sources from the SOS Project should be considered a strength of this study because it allowed us to compare the risk of heart failure associated with many individual NSAIDs as used in different populations and healthcare systems from four EU countries. Our study had some limitations. Firstly, our study might not have captured all NSAID exposure, because some of these drugs eg, ibuprofen are also available over the counter in all the four countries. Hence, patients classified as non current users of NSAIDs in this study might actually have been current users of over the counter NSAIDs. Such misclassification would tend to, on average, bias estimates toward the null,3. NSAIDs and heart failure risk. Secondly, validity of outcome ascertainment might be of concern because heart failure is often associated with other cardiovascular diseases eg, myocardial infarction, which could affect how hospital discharge codes are recorded. Nevertheless, although privacy concerns inhibited the validation of records in most participating databases, the positive predictive value for heart failure hospital admissions included in the Italian OSSIFF database was found to be 8. Additionally, high positive predictive values have been reported by other investigations based on healthcare databases for heart failure diagnosis codes at hospital discharge considered in our study. In fact, the incidence of almost 3. Still, even with some outcome misclassification,4. NSAIDsleading to a bias moving estimated associations towards the null. However, non differential misclassification of outcome or exposure might lead to inflated observed associations due to chance alone. Thirdly, our dose response analysis could have been underpowered for some NSAID dose classes because only the PHARMO and THIN databases could be considered. Additionally, a portion of patients registered in these two databases had to be excluded from the dose response analysis because they lacked the prescribed daily dose information. Although this exclusion might have led to some bias,4. Fourthly, the effect of heterogeneous patient characteristics at baseline must be considered in the interpretation of our findings. Some individual NSAIDs more frequently used for different acute or chronic indications could have resulted in different patterns of use as well as in different types of populations of users.